Introduction to machining process

The machining process flow is the step of workpiece or part manufacturing. The process of directly changing the shape, size and surface quality of the blank into a part by using the machining method is called the machining process flow.

Main machining process

Turning Namely lathe processing, lathe processing is a part of mechanical processing. The lathe mainly uses turning tools to turn the rotating workpiece.

Processing method:Tool does not rotate，Workpiece rotation, workpiece/tool feed

Processing features: 1. It is easy to ensure the position accuracy of each processing surface of the workpiece; 2. The cutting process is relatively stable, avoiding inertial force and impact force, allowing larger cutting parameters. High speed cutting is conducive to improving productivity; 3. The tool is simple, and the turning tool is easy to manufacture, sharpen and install, which is widely used.

Tool: turning tool is the most widely used single edge cutting tool.

  

Milling   It refers to the method of machining surface with milling cutter

Processing mode: tool rotation, workpiece not rotating, workpiece/tool feeding

Main processing parts: various plane parts (face milling) and curved parts (circumferential milling) can be processed

Processing characteristics: 1. The milling cutter teeth periodically participate in intermittent cutting; 2. The cutting thickness of each cutter tooth changes during the cutting process; 3. It can machine complex surfaces. Gear, etc.

Tool: The most widely used tool is a multi blade tool.

Planing  It is a metal cutting method that uses the relative linear reciprocating motion between the tool and the workpiece to reach the workpiece surface

Processing mode: relative reciprocating motion between tool and workpiece.

Main processing parts: mainly used for processing plane, bevel, groove and other forming surfaces.

Processing characteristics: 1. Good universality; 2. Low production efficiency; 3. Low precision.

Tool: The structure of the planer tool is basically similar to that of the turning tool, the size is 1.25-1.5 times larger than that of the turning tool, and the negative edge inclination angle is larger

Grinding:Grinding refers to the processing method of removing excess materials from the workpiece with abrasive and abrasive tools.

Processing method: the cutting of workpiece surface with high-speed rotating grinding wheel and other abrasive tools.

Main processing parts: internal and external cylinder/cone, plane, gear and other complex surfaces.

Processing features: 1. Less processing and high precision; 2. High grinding speed; 3. Wide range of processing materials; 4. The risk is relatively high.

Cutter: Abrasive tool with specified abrasive shape and size bulge on the surface.

drill hole : It refers to the process of machining holes on workpieces mainly with drill bits

Processing mode: the workpiece is fixed, the tool rotates, and the tool feeds

Main processing position: hole

Processing features: 1. Simple structure; 2. The machining accuracy is relatively low; Drill through hole, blind hole, etc

Tool: A drill bit consisting of a cutter bar with a tip and two cutting blades on a main plane.

CounterboreIt: is used to enlarge the machined hole (cast, forged or drilled hole), which can correct the axis deviation of the hole and obtain the correct geometric shape and small surface roughness.

Processing mode: the workpiece is fixed, the tool rotates, and the tool feeds

Main processing position: hole

Processing characteristics: 1. Correct the axis deviation of the hole; 2. Obtain correct geometric shape; 3. Small surface roughness value

Cutter: fried dough twist drill, special reamer

Ream:Machining method of removing trace metal layer from workpiece wall with reamer to improve dimensional accuracy and surface quality of hole

Processing mode: the workpiece is fixed, the tool rotates, and the tool feeds

Main processing position: hole

Machining features: 1. In case of small holes, the machining of inner holes is more economical and practical 2. The precision is high

Tool: usually multiple cutter teeth

Boring hole: Inside diameter cutting process of enlarging holes or other circular profiles with tools

Processing mode: the workpiece is fixed, the tool rotates, and the tool feeds

Main processing position: hole

Processing characteristics: 1. It has obvious advantages for processing large holes 2. It has high precision

Tool: usually single edge boring tool

Spot facer:Machining cylindrical countersunk holes, tapered countersunk holes and boss end faces on the machined holes, and semi finishing.

Processing mode: the workpiece is fixed, the tool rotates, and the tool feeds

Main processing position: hole

Processing characteristics: 1. Ensure the perpendicularity of the hole mouth and the hole centerline; 2. The appearance is neat and the assembly position is compact

Tools: cylindrical spot facer tapered spot facer end face spot facer

File:The operation of cutting the workpiece surface with a file to make the workpiece reach the required size, shape and surface roughness.

Processing method: the workpiece is fixed, and the tool reciprocates

Main processing parts: internal holes and grooves on the outer surface of plane surfaces and various surfaces with complex shapes

Processing characteristics: 1. High applicability 2. Low efficiency 3. Suitable for different precision

Cutter: file of various section shapes

Scraping：Bench work in which a scraper is used to scrape off trace metals on the machined workpiece surface to improve the surface shape accuracy and improve the contact condition between mating surfaces

Processing method: the workpiece is fixed, and the tool reciprocates

Main processing parts: various profiles (such as machine tool guide surface, connecting surface, bearing bush, fitting sphere, etc.)

Processing characteristics: 1. The hardness is improved to a certain extent; 2. Oil on the surface; 3. Improve the fitting accuracy between interactive mating parts

Tools: scraper

Grinding refers to the finishing of the machined surface (such as cutting) by the relative movement of the lapping tool and the workpiece under a certain pressure using the abrasive particles coated or embedded on the lapping tool

Processing method: workpiece and grinding tool rotate mutually

Main processing parts: various profiles (such as machine tool guide surface, connecting surface, bearing bush, fitting sphere, etc.)

Processing characteristics: 1. Simple equipment 2. Reliable processing quality 3. Various materials can be processed 4. Grinding is widely used in single piece small batch production to process various high-precision profiles, and can be used in mass production

Tools: abrasive tools